Arithmetic Operators in C

Most C programs perform calculations using the C arithmetic operators. Note the use of various special symbols not used in algebra. The asterisk(*) indicates multiplication and the percent sign(%) denotes the remainder operator, which is introduced below.

C-operation Arithmetic_operator

Addition +

Subtraction -

Multiplication *

Division /

Remainder %

Example:

C-prointf() and scanf()

printf() and scanf() functions are inbuilt library functions in C programming language which are available in C library by default. These functions are declared and related macros are defined in “stdio.h” which is a header file in c language.

We have to include “stdio.h” file as shown in below C program to make use of these printf() and scanf() library functions in C language.

1. PRINTF() FUNCTION IN C LANGUAGE:

• In C programming language, printf() function is used to print the (“character, string, float, integer, octal and hexadecimal values”) onto the output screen.
• We use printf() function with %d format specifier to display the value of an integer variable.
• Similarly %c is used to display character
• %f for float variable
• %s for string variable
• %lf for double
• %x for hexadecimal variable.
• To generate a newline, we use “\n” in C printf() statement.

EXAMPLE PROGRAM FOR C PRINTF() FUNCTION:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

char ch = ‘A’;

char str[20] = “fresh2refresh.com”;

float f = 10.234;

int no = 150;

double d = 20.123456;

printf(“Character is %c \n”, ch);

printf(“String is %s \n” , str);

printf(“Float value is %f \n”, f);

printf(“Integer value is %d\n” , no);

printf(“Double value is %lf \n”, d);

printf(“Octal value is %o \n”, no);

printf(“Hexadecimal value is %x \n”, no);

return 0;

}

OUTPUT:

Character is A
String is fresh2refresh.com
Float value is 10.234000
Integer value is 150
Double value is 20.123456
Octal value is 226
Hexadecimal value is 96

2. SCANF FUNCTION IN C LANGUAGE:

• In C programming language, scanf() function is used to read character, string, numeric data from keyboard
• Consider below example program where user enters a character. This value is assigned to the variable “ch” and then displayed.
• Then, user enters a string and this value is assigned to the variable “str” and then displayed.

EXAMPLE PROGRAM FOR C PRINTF AND SCANF FUNCTIONS IN C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

char ch;

char str[100];

printf(“Enter any character \n”);

scanf(“%c”, &ch);

printf(“Entered character is %c \n”, ch);

printf(“Enter any string ( upto 100 character ) \n”);

scanf(“%s”, &str);

printf(“Entered string is %s \n”, str);

}

OUTPUT:

Enter any character
a
Entered character is a
Enter any string ( upto 100 character )
hello
Entered string is hello